Routledge International Handbook on Social Exclusion and Radicalisation

Tahir Abbas holds a PhD in Ethnic Relations from the University of Warwick. He is currently Professor of Criminology and Global Justice at Aston University. His research explores the governance of extremism, the regulation of religious diversity, and the intersections between policy and everyday urban life. His most recent publication is Capitalism, State Power, and the Production of Extremism (Springer Nature, 2025).Lianne Vostermans holds a PhD in International Relations from the University of Durham. She is currently a Senior Advisor at OpenHorizon and a Research Affiliate at Leiden University. Her research critically examines the relationship between religion and violence, with particular attention to the intersections of micro-, meso-, and macro-level mobilisation. She is the author of the forthcoming book Beyond Faith and Fury: Rethinking ‘Religious Violence’ in the Lebanese Civil War (1975–1990) (I.B. Tauris, 2026).Richard McNeil-Willson holds a PhD in Middle Eastern Studies from the University of Exeter, and is Lecturer at the Islamic and Middle Eastern Studies department, University of Edinburgh. His works focuses on critical approaches to extremism, as well as counterterror policy and law. Recent work includes the Routledge Handbook of Violent Extremism and Resilience (with Anna Triandafyllidou, 2023).

• Introduction: The Entangled Web of Social Exclusion and Radicalisation; Part I: Northern Exposures: Unveiling Exclusion and Extremism in the Global North; 1. Social exclusion and radicalisation in the French context: an issue of engagement and social reintegration; 2. Marginality and ethnicity in European cities: the case of some trajectories of involvement of young Belgian-Moroccans in political violence with Islamic references in Brussels; 3. The Fractured Self: Social Exclusion, Identity, and Radicalisation in the Netherlands; 4. Considering the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on young people’s engagement with extremism: propositions, suppositions and fears (UK Focus); 5. Pandemic Pressure: COVID-19 and Far-Right Violence in Germany; 6. Social Exclusion and Radicalisation in German Muslim TikTok Users: Presenting Experimental Findings; 7. From perceived threats to radicalisation: Unmasking far-right narratives through a comparative analysis (France, Italy, Spain); 8. Down, Down in the South: Explaining Social Exclusion and Violent Radicalization in Portugal; 9. Activism as a Buffer for Radicalization within the Moroccan Diaspora in Spain; 10. Loss of community and radicalisation: the case of Italy; 11. Multilayered Social Exclusion and Vulnerability to Manipulation: Radicalisation Risk Factors among the Romani in Central Europe and the Western Balkans; 12. Deradicalisation challenges and strategies in Kosovo: A case study analysis of women returning from Daʿesh territory; 13. From Margin to Mainstream: How White Supremacist Ideology Exploits Social Exclusion and Fuels Radicalisation in the United States; 14. European and Northern American formers’ conceptions on radicalisation and deradicalisation; Part II: Southern Currents: Navigating Marginalisation, Resistance, and Radical Pathways in the Global South; 15. Framing marginalisation: Injustices, humiliation, and dignity in violent Islamists’ mobilisation in Tunisia (2011-2021); 16. The Colonial Past, Memory Exclusion Policies, and Algerian-French Relation; 17. Exploring the Potential of engendering Islamic Religious Curriculum in Schools to Promote Gender Inclusion and Mitigate Youth Radicalization (Egypt Focus); 18. Modern Neocolonialism: The Hidden Chains of Kuwait’s Identity; 19. Traversing Complex Landscapes in Pakistan: Exploring the Potential for Community-Based Sport Initiatives and the Prevention of Violent Extremism; 20. Unveiling the Seeds of Rebellion: Investigating Marginalization and Social Exclusion in FATA’s Escalating Militant Landscape; 21. Climate Change and Eco Extremism in India; 22. Boko Haram Insurgency, Social Exclusion and Decoloniality in Nigeria; 23. Critical Evaluation of Violent Extremism by Examining the Connections Between Radicalisation and Social Exclusion in Indonesia; 24. The FORB-social inclusion link to prevent violent radicalism in Indonesia and Kenya; 25. Marginalisation into Militancy: Rethinking Radicalisation through Filipino Vigilantism; Part III: Bridging Worlds: Transnational Dynamics, Theoretical Insights, and Methodological Frontiers; 26. Explanatory Factors in Lone-Actor Terrorist Attacks: Social Exclusion, Online Radicalisation and the Concatenation Effect; 27. Anomic Manhood and Inceldom: A Durkheimian Sociological Analysis of Shared Social Exclusion and Subordinated Masculinity in Involuntary Celibate Online Communities; 28. Understanding Social Exclusion and Vulnerability to Radicalisation through the Prism of Power Threat Meaning Framework: Practitioners’ Perspectives; 29. Crisis and Convergence: The role of COVID-19 in shaping Youth Radicalisation; 30. Envy as a Mediator in the Exclusion-Radicalisation Relationship; 31. Social Exclusion and Radicalisation: How a moralistic language contributes to violence by fostering interpersonal and intergroup separation; 32. The Nexus Between Long-Distance Nationalism, Social Exclusion and Disinformation: Experiences of Indian Diaspora in Australia; 33. Isolation, Radicalisation and the Theological Dimension; 34. Intersecting Realities: Methodological Insights into Researching Radicalisation and Social Exclusion; Epilogue