Philosophical Delusion and its Therapy

Eugen Fischer, BPhil, DPhil (Oxford), is Lecturer in Philosophy at the University of East Anglia. He is the author of Linguistic Creativity: Exercises in Philosophical Therapy (2000) and has co-edited Wittgenstein at Work: Method in the Philosophical Investigations (Routledge 2004, paperback 2010).

• Introduction: Some Perplexing Discoveries Part 1: Philosophical Pictures 1. Philosophical Pictures: The Birth of ‘The Mind’ 2. Through Pictures to Problems: Minds and Bodies 3. Pictures’ Effects: From ‘Secondary Qualities’ to ‘Perceptions’ Part 2: Philosophical Delusions 4. The Power of Pictures: Berkeley’s Approach 5. Self-Perpetuating Absurdity: Berkeley Defends ‘Perceptions’ 6. Philosophical Delusions: Ayer Reinvents ‘Perceptions’ Part 3: Therapeutic Philosophy 7. Two Turns: A New Vision of Philosophy 8. Linguistic Analysis as Therapy: Austin on ‘Perceptions’ 9. Self-Reflection as Therapy: Wittgenstein on Understanding

"Potentially revolutionary. Well-written and clearly argued, this book challenges some of our most basic assumptions about how we ought to proceed philosophically and is sure to shake up our tired self-confidence in our philosophical intuitions. A truly innovative book; I know of nothing like it." – Jeremy Wisnewski, Hartwick College, USA "Fischer develops the concept of philosophical therapy to new heights and depths. His analysis is insightful, comprehensive, and richly back-grounded in many episodes in the history of philosophy, from the genesis of the modern mind-world dichotomy to Wittgenstein's later philosophy." – Dale Jacquette, University of Berne, Switzerland"The idea that some philosophical problems are due to ‘diseases of the intellect’ and need to be treated like an illness has been mooted before. But no one has developed this thought, nor given it systematic elaboration. Nor has anyone demonstrated by detailed historical analyses how fruitful this conception can be. Fischer's book undertakes these tasks, and executes them with exemplary skill and conviction. His case studies of Locke, Berkeley, Ayer and Wittgenstein are enthralling, as are his methodical examinations of the nature of the mind, the attributes of material things, sense perception, and the phenomenon of sudden understanding." – P. M. S. Hacker, Oxford University, UK "This deeply absorbing book opens up a fresh approach by debunking a long-entrenched myth. The comforting but dangerous myth is that we are the ultimate masters of the language we use and the reasons we give. Through incisive case studies from philosophical history, Fischer demonstrates how various embedded analogies and undetected metaphors can all too quickly make slaves of the masters. The diagnostic insights lead to a fresh approach: a therapeutic back-tracking through the intellectual genealogies that led us into philosophical problems we too easily take as given but may thus come to see through. An excellent, adventurous, provocative book." – Garry Hagberg, Bard College, USA"This lucid and fascinating book offers both penetrating diagnosis and effective cure of a crucial subset of philosophical problems." – Louis A. Sass, Rutgers University, USA"This clearly written, insightful and well-argued book makes an important contribution to meta-philosophical discussion, both of the status of philosophical methods of argument and of the underlying sources of philosophical conviction. Philosophers as well as non-philosophers could learn much from this kind of detailed methodological study. A helpful and original book." – Paul Livingston, University of New Mexico, USA"The book is stimulating and rich in content. [...] I found Fischer's criticism of 'the argument from illusion' thorough and convincing." – Olli Lagerspetz, Åbo Akademi University, Finland in Philosophical Investigations