Pharmacology in Urology

Benjamin Starmer, MBChB FRCS(Urol), Consultant UrologistBenjamin studied medicine at the University of Liverpool, graduating in 2011. He completed his training in Urology in the North West of England. During his training, Benjamin successfully completed Postgraduate certificates in medical education and medical leadership. After passing the FRCS(Urol), he was awardedthe Keith Yeates Gold Medal for outstanding performance in 2021. Benjamin is now the MCQ writing group lead for the FRCS(Urol). Benjamin’s specialist interests include pelvic oncology, prostate cancer diagnostics and robotic surgery.Dora Moon MBChB FRCS(Urol), Consultant UrologistDora studied Medicine at the University of Manchester, UK graduating in 2008. Dora completed her surgical training in Urology in the North West of England, during which she sat as treasurer and committee member on the national urology trainee committee BSoT. She has continued her commitment to post-graduate surgical education, recently being appointed as BAUS education co-lead for trainees. Dora works as an NHS consultant in Lancashire, offering a tertiary robotic surgery service for the treatment of renal cell and upper urothelial tract cancers, for patients in Lancashire and South Cumbria.Steve Payne MB MS FRCS FEBUrol, Honorary Consultant UrologistSteve qualified from the Royal Free Hospital in 1977 and was appointed Consultant Urologist at Manchester Royal Infirmary in 1988.He progressed specialist clinical interests in complex andrology and reconstructive urology at regional and national levels, whilst also having leading roles in developments in under- and post-graduate medical education. He chaired the Joint Committee on Intercollegiate Exams for the FRCS in Urology and, subsequently, the International JSCFE exam which he continues to quality assure. Steve has officiated across a number of other higher-qualification urological boards at both national and international levels and is widely published. Since retirement from clinical practice he has maintained an involvement with the production of multimedia educative material and the provision of simulation training at junior and advanced levels. In addition, Steve works with the Surgeon Wellbeing unit in the Department of Psychology at Bournemouth University, with a research interest in the peri-retirement population, and helps hands-on development of reconstructive skills for surgeons in low and low-middle income countries in sub-Saharan Africa with colleagues from the Urolink charity.

• Preface.- 1. Drug metabolism and elimination.- 2. Bioavailability and Drug Delivery Systems.- 3. Excipients.- 4. Adverse drug reactions and mechanisms of drug allergy.- 5. Drug receptors and messengers.- 6. Prescribing in pregnancy.- 7. Prescribing in the elderly.- 8. Principles of Anticoagulation.- 9. Systemic anticoagulants.- 10. Warfarin.- 11. Oral direct anticoagulants.- 12. Antiplatelets.- 13. General anaesthesia.- 14. Local anaesthetic.- 15. Benzodiazepines and sedation.- 16. Vasopressors, inotropes and chronotropes.- 17. Perioperative nausea & vomiting.- 18. Paracetamol.- 19. NSAIDs.- 20. Opiates.- 21. Neuromodulating analgesic agents.- 22. Ketamine.- 23. Principles of antimicrobial therapy.- 24. Non-antimicrobial management of UTI.- 25. Penicillins.- 26. Sulphonamides.- 27. Aminogylcosides.- 28. Carbapenems.- 29. Cephalosporins.- 30. Tetracyclines.- 31. Fluoroquinolones.- 32. Monobactams.- 33. Anti-helminthics and anti-protozoals.- 34. Management of Mycobacterial infections.- 35. Anti-fungal and anti-viral agents.- 36. Skin preparation.- 37. Benign prostatic obstruction.- 38. Overactive bladder syndrome.- 39. Nocturnal polyuria.- 40. Stress urinary incontinence.- 41. Autonomic dysreflexia.- 42. Bladder pain syndrome.- 43. Medical Expulsive Therapy.- 44. Medical management of kidney stones.- 45. Cystine stones.- 46. Erectile dysfunction - Oral agents.- 47. Erectile dysfunction - Topical / injectable agents.- 48. Peyronie's disease.- 49. Priapism.- 50. Ejaculatory disorders.- 51. Urethral stricture disease.- 52. Testosterone Replacement Therapy.- 53. Pharmacological management of male factor infertility.- 54. Principles of chemotherapy.- 55. Steroids.- 56. Principles of immunotherapy.- 57. History of Prostate Cancer Treatment.- 58. Androgen deprivation therapy.- 59. Systemic treatment for prostate cancer.- 60. PSMA radioligand therapy.- 61. Radium-223.- 62. Sipuleucel.- 63. PARPi.- 64. Intravesical chemotherapy.- 65. Intravesical immunotherapy.- 66. Systemic chemotherapy.- 67. Systemic immunotherapy.- 68. Introduction / history.- 69. TKI's.- 70. mTOR inhibitors.- 71. ICI - PD -1& PDL-1 inhibitors.- 72. Systemic chemotherapy.- 73. Penile cancer.- 74. Principles of prescribing in children.- 75. Paediatric Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction.- 76. Primary enuresis.- 77. Wilm's tumour.- 78. Vesico-ureteral reflux.