'Scholars not interested in marriage specifically can also learn a great deal from this volume, because one of d'Avray's most important arguments concerns not the formation and de-formation of royal marriages but rather the nature of historical cause and effect. Taking from Quentin Skinner the lesson that 'we do not need to be sure about sincerity before we estimate the effects of principles on actions' … he demonstrates that a certain cynicism about papal motivations is not incompatible with taking seriously the legal and theological ideas and the rhetoric they used to justify their decisions. Legal formality in both the annulment and dispensation process served the papacy well.' Ruth Mazo Karras, The Catholic Historical Review