Organisational Ethics in the Built Environment

Jason Challender is Director of Estates and Facilities at the University of Salford, a member of its Senior Leadership Team and Visiting Professor at the University of Bolton. He has over 30 years’ experience in procurement in a variety of major construction programmes and is a board member of the North West Construction Hub.

• Author Biography xiiForeword xiiiAcknowledgements xvList of Figures xviList of Tables xviiList of Appendices xviii1 Introduction 11.1 Introduction to the Book 11.2 Overarching Rationale, Synopsis and Justification: The Aim and Objectives for Writing the Book 11.3 The Need to Rethink the Concept of Organisational Ethics 21.4 The Fragmentation and Bespoke Nature of the UK Construction Industry 31.5 Examples of How This Area Is Used or Represented in Our Society Today 41.6 The Lack of Trust in Construction Contracting and Reputational Damage for the Industry and Those Organisations Associated with It 41.7 The Book's Value Proposition and Its Unique and Outstanding Features 51.8 Audience for the Book 81.9 Structure of the Book 81.10 Summary 102 An Introduction to Organisational Ethics 132.1 Introduction to Chapter 132.2 What Are Ethics? 142.3 The Importance and Relevance of Organisational Ethics in the Construction and Engineering Sectors 162.4 Possible Effects of Workplace Ethics on Employees and Organisational Productivity 172.5 Organisational Culture Linked to Ethics 182.6 Summary 193 Environmental Ethics 223.1 Introduction to Environmental Ethics 223.2 Climate Change and Sustainability 233.3 Context for the Discussion on Environmental Ethics 233.4 What Are Environmental Ethics and Sustainability? 243.5 The Importance of Sustainability and the Ethical Case for Participation 253.6 The Global and National Agenda on Sustainability 263.7 Environmental Social Responsibility 273.8 Dilemmas around Environmental Ethics 283.9 Examples of Environmental Ethics and Sustainability in Practice: Case Study One -- A UK Northwest College 293.10 Examples of Environmental Ethics and Sustainability in Practice: Case Study Two -- A UK Northwest University 363.11 Summary 414 Corporate Social Responsibility 454.1 Introduction 454.2 What Is Corporate Social Responsibility? 464.3 The Benefits of Corporate Social Responsibility for Businesses 464.4 Social Value as Part of Corporate Social Responsibility 474.5 Different Types and Models of Corporate Social Responsibility 504.6 The Considerate Constructor Scheme 524.7 Corporate Codes and Ethical Statements 564.8 Sustainable and Ethical Construction Linked to Corporate Social Responsibility 584.9 Summary 605 Relationship between Ethics and Other Factors 635.1 Introduction 635.2 The Relationship between Risk and Ethics 645.3 The Relationship between Ethics and Quality 675.4 Potential Impact of Professional Ethics on Construction Quality 695.5 Reputation and Ethics 695.6 Ethics and Trust 705.7 Ethics and Leadership 705.8 Ethics and Motivation 715.9 Summary 726 Ethical Human Resource Considerations 756.1 Introduction 756.2 Inclusivity, Equality and Diversity 756.3 Ethical Issues around Culture 816.4 Initiatives and Accreditations Available for Construction Organisations to Drive Positive Change for Diversity and Inclusion 836.5 A Toolkit for Change: Reflection on How the Construction Industry Can Improve Diversity and Inclusion 836.6 Ethical Supply Chain Management 856.7 Modern Slavery 866.8 Data Protection 916.9 Summary 937 Ethics around Construction Health and Safety 957.1 Introduction 957.2 Governance and Management of Health and Safety in the UK 967.3 The Institution of Occupational Safety (IOSH) 997.4 Ethical Dilemmas around Construction Health and Safety 1007.5 The Construction Design and Management Regulations (CDM) 2015 1017.6 Procedures and Documentation around Construction Health and Safety 1057.7 Summary 1068 Ethical Considerations around Trust and Collaborative Working 1088.1 Introduction 1088.2 Professional Ethics and Duties of Trust 1098.3 The Fragility and Robustness of Trust in a Constantly Changing and Dynamic Environment 1108.4 The Importance of Trust for Collaboration and Professional Ethics 1128.5 The Interdependency between Trust, Collaborative Working and Professional Ethics 1178.6 The UK Construction Industry and Recent Reforms to Encourage Trust and Collaboration 1208.7 Traditional Procurement of Construction Projects 1218.8 Overall Context of Collaborative Working and Partnering within the Construction Industry 1238.9 Trust as a Collaborative Necessity 1258.10 Different Context for Clients to Consider in Construction Procurement 1278.11 Summary 1319 The Importance of Ethical Leadership in Construction and Engineering Management 1379.1 Introduction to Chapter 1379.2 Key Components of Ethical Leadership for Construction Professionals 1389.3 Ethical Leadership and Best Companies 1399.4 Leadership Identity and Relevance for Construction Professionals 1429.5 How to Think and Behave as a Responsible Leader 1439.6 Leadership Challenges for Construction Professionals around Professional Ethics 1479.7 Leadership Styles and Professional Ethics as Applied to Construction Professionals 1479.8 The Importance of Communication for Construction Professionals in Ethical Leadership 1489.9 Adaptability of Leadership Styles for Construction Professionals 1499.10 The Relationship between Poor Leadership and Project Failure 1509.11 Summary 15110 Professional Ethics as a Means for Motivating Project Teams 15510.1 Introduction 15510.2 The Relationship between Motivation, Professional Ethics and Trust in the Construction Industry? 15610.3 The Bespoke and Unique Nature of the Construction Industry 15710.4 Factors Which Affect Motivation Levels of Project Teams 15810.5 Communication as a Motivational Factor 15910.6 Training and Education Related to Motivation and Ethical Compliance 16110.7 Cultural Factors Affecting Levels of Motivation for Construction-related Staff 16310.8 The Use of Financial Incentives as a Motivational Management Tool 16510.9 Summary and Conclusion 16711 Case Study of How Ethics Can Be Influenced by an International Crisis 17211.1 Introduction 17211.2 Professional Ethics in the Context of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic 17311.3 Positive Examples of Ethical Behaviours during the Pandemic 17411.4 Examples of Unethical Behaviours during the Pandemic 17611.5 Ethical Considerations around the UK Government Job Retention 'Furlough' Scheme 17811.6 Contractual Implications Brought about by the Pandemic 17911.7 Additional Measures to Ensure Health and Safety of Workforce during the Pandemic 17911.8 Ethical Leadership Throughout the Pandemic 18211.9 Reflections for the Future 18411.10 Summary 18412 Independent Research Study 18712.1 Introduction 18712.2 Review of Existing Literature and Theory 18812.3 Research, Design and Methodology 19912.4 Conclusion and Recommendations 21713 Implications in Practice for Organisational Ethics in the Built Environment 22313.1 Introduction 22313.2 The Importance of Reputation and Image for Organisations in the Built Environment 22413.3 The Relationship between Ethics and Quality for Organisations 22513.4 Initiatives and Measures to Improve Organisational Ethics 22513.5 Education, Training and Continued Professional Development (CPD) around Organisational Ethics 22913.6 Summary 23014 Summary of Key Points, Reflections, Overview and Closing Remarks 23214.1 Introduction 23214.2 Summary of the Key Issues Raised throughout the Book 23214.3 Final Reflections, Overview and Closing Remarks 250References 251Appendix A Energy, Water and Carbon Management Plan 253Appendix B Environmental and Sustainability Strategy Document 269Appendix C Considerate Constructor Scheme Site Registration Monitors Checklist 283Appendix D COVID-19 Project Review of Site Operating Procedures 289Appendix E Supply Chain Communication and Coronavirus Business ContinuityPlanning 298Appendix F COVID-19 Management System 299Index 301