Patrick Patterson tells the story of Nakayama Shimpei, the father of modern Japanese popular music, who created songs for a new generation of urban working-class transplants during a time of intense political and social change. The story of Nakayama’s songwriting, which blended Western and Japanese music traditions, is also the story of the creation of a new cultural identity for twentieth-century Japan during an age of industrial capitalism and globalization. This book is a must-read for students and scholars of popular music and modern Japan.