Middle East and South Asia 2026–2027

Ilan Pappe is the director of The European Center for Palestine Studies and a senior fellow at the Institute of Arab and Islamic Studies at the University of Exeter, UK. He has published 20 books.

• The State of Democracy: Seasons of Hope and DespairBlack Gold or Resource Curse? The Impact of Oil on the Middle East and BeyondAn Uncertain Climate: Regional Environment ChallengesThe Rise and Decline of a Modern CaliphateHistorical BackgroundThe Spread of CivilizationThe Rise and Fall of EmpiresHebrews and JudaeansThe Hellenistic Age, Roman Rule, and ChristianityZoroastrian, Buddhist, and Hindu CulturesMuhammad and the Rise of IslamIslamic Expansion and Society: The Arab CaliphateThe Barbarian InvasionsThe Safavid, Ottoman, and Mogul EmpiresEuropean Expansion into the Indian OceanThe Creation of the British RajNations of the Middle EastBahrainEgyptIranIraqIsraelJordanKuwaitLebanonOmanPalestineQatarSaudi ArabiaSyriaTurkeyUnited Arab EmiratesYemenMap 1910Map TodayNations of South AsiaAfghanistanBangladeshBhutanIndiaMaldivesNepalPakistanSri LankaDisputed TerritoriesAbu Musa (Gap Sabzu) and the Greater andLesser TunbsBritish Indian Ocean Territory(the Chagos Archipelago)The Occupied TerritoriesEast Jerusalem (Arab Jerusalem)The Golan Heights (Jawlan)Jammu and KashmirRegional OrganizationsGulf Cooperation CouncilLeague of Arab StatesSouth Asian Association for Regional CooperationSelected Bibliography of Key English Language Sources