Professor of Political Science and Humanities specializing in political theory and non-Western traditions, particularly Modern Political Thought in Islam. He obtained a BA degree in political science from the University of Tehran in 1975, an MA in public administration from the University of Oklahoma in 1977, and a PhD in foreign Affairs in 1983 from the University of Virginia. From 1986 to 1996 he was a Professor at the University of Tehran, the Iranian Academy of Philosophy, and Beheshti (National) University. In 1990-91, he was a fellow at St. Antony s College, Oxford, in 1996 a research fellow at Zentrum Moderner Orient, Berlin, and a visiting Professor in Summer 2001 at Shawnee State University, Ohio. In his research, he concentrates on identity and the human condition through an understanding of the political, in both Western and non-Western traditions. His major works Moshkeleye Hoviyat-e Iranian Emruz. (The Problematique of the Contemporary Iranian Identity, 2004 and 2005) and
