G. Alan Tarr received his doctorate from the University of Chicago. He is Board of Governors professor of political science emeritus and founder of the Center for State Constitutional Studies at Rutgers University, Camden. Professor Tarr has served as a constitutional consultant in Russia, South Africa, Cyprus, and Myanmar. A three-time NEH Fellow, he has most recently completed a study of judicial independence and accountability in the American states.

• 1 Courts and Law PART I: Structures and Participants in the Judicial Process 2 The Federal and State Court Systems 3 Judges 4 Lawyers PART II :Judicial Process and Judicial Decision Making 5 Trials and Appeals 6 Criminal Justice and the Courts7 Civil Justice and the Courts 8 Judicial Decision MakingPART III: Judicial Policymaking 9 Judicial Policymaking: An Introduction 10 Federal Court Policymaking 11 State Court Policymaking

G. Alan Tarr received his doctorate from the University of Chicago. He is Board of Governors professor of political science emeritus and founder of the Center for State Constitutional Studies at Rutgers University, Camden. Professor Tarr has served as a constitutional consultant in Russia, South Africa, Cyprus, and Myanmar. A three-time NEH Fellow, he has most recently completed a study of judicial independence and accountability in the American states.

• 1 Courts and Law PART I: Structures and Participants in the Judicial Process 2 The Federal and State Court Systems 3 Judges 4 Lawyers PART II :Judicial Process and Judicial Decision Making 5 Trials and Appeals 6 Criminal Justice and the Courts7 Civil Justice and the Courts 8 Judicial Decision MakingPART III: Judicial Policymaking 9 Judicial Policymaking: An Introduction 10 Federal Court Policymaking 11 State Court Policymaking

G. Alan Tarr received his doctorate from the University of Chicago. He is Board of Governors professor of political science emeritus and founder of the Center for State Constitutional Studies at Rutgers University, Camden. Professor Tarr has served as a constitutional consultant in Russia, South Africa, Cyprus, and Myanmar. A three-time NEH Fellow, he has most recently completed a study of judicial independence and accountability in the American states.

• 1 Courts and Law PART I: Structures and Participants in the Judicial Process 2 The Federal and State Court Systems 3 Judges 4 Lawyers PART II :Judicial Process and Judicial Decision Making 5 Trials and Appeals 6 Criminal Justice and the Courts7 Civil Justice and the Courts 8 Judicial Decision MakingPART III: Judicial Policymaking 9 Judicial Policymaking: An Introduction 10 Federal Court Policymaking 11 State Court Policymaking