W. Miles Fletcher III is Professor of History at the University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, USA. His previous work has examined Japanese political and intellectual history during the pre-war period, the history of Japanese trade policy, and the development of the cotton textile industry in modern Japan. Peter W. von Staden is Senior Lecturer of International Business at Bristol Business School, part of the University of the West of England, UK. His research focuses on government and business relations in modern Japan. His previous work has examined the role of business in political decision-making in the early twentieth century.