Ali M. Ansari is Professor of Iranian History and Director of the Institute for Iranian Studies at the University of St Andrews, and Associate Fellow of the Middle East Programme, Royal Institute for International Affairs (Chatham House). He is the author of Confronting Iran: The Failure of US Policy and the Roots of Mistrust (London: Hurst, 2006), Modern Iran Since 1921: The Pahlavis and After, 2nd ed. (London: Longman, 2007), Iran, Islam and Democracy: The Politics of Managing Change, 2nd ed. (London: Royal Institute of International Affairs, 2006) and ‘Iran and the US in the Shadow of 9/11: Persia and the Persian Question Revisited’, in Iranian Studies (June 2006). He has also published articles in The Washington Quarterly and Middle Eastern Studies, and contributed chapters to several books.