International Encyclopedia of Public Policy and Administration: v. 4

This is the fourth volume of a four-volume encyclopaedia which combines public administration and policy, and contains approximately 900 articles by over 300 specialists. It covers all of the core concepts, terms and processes of applied behavioural science, budgeting, comparative public administration, development administration, industrial/organizational psychology, industrial policy, international trade, labour relations, management, non-profit management, organizational theory and behaviour, policy analysis, political economy, political science, public administration, public finance, public law, public management, public personnel administration, public policy, and taxation. There are also entries on individuals who made significant intellectual and technical contributions to the development of public policy and administration, such as Louis Brownlow, John Maynard Keynes and Leonard White; significant organizations such as the American Society for Public Administration, the International Institute of Administrative Sciences, and the National Academy of Public Administration; and historically important committees or commissions, such as the Fulton Committee in Great Britain and the Hoover Commission in the United States. Each article tackles its subject from a generic perspective, with examples from as wide a range of states as practical. Typically, an article deals with historical and theoretical developments, then explains how relevant concepts and practices are applied in varying cultures, such as the United States, Western Europe or Asia, and in varying regimes, such as presidential, parliamentary or monarchical. An underlying theme of the encyclopaedia is that the various aspects of public administration in all developed states are essentially the same. It is designed so that its contents - a combination of historical and descriptive articles, procedural presentations and interpretive essays - will be accessible to the general reader as well as of interest to the specialist.