How do PFIs overcome their bias towards science-push?

The study shows how South Africa's publicly funded institutions (PFI) overcome their lack of market orientation and bias towards science-push. Evidence from literature and other institutions for collaboration reveals that intellectual property and technology transfer are major contributors to a country's economic development, reduction of poverty and improved quality of life. The fourteen cases used in the study from a single PFI had a clear cut distinction of pure science push or market pull. There was no evidence from the cases of an integrationist approach. This however, does not rule out the fact that future studies can come to a different conclusion, nor does it suggest that the integrationist approach is not operative for effective intellectual property and technology transfer to occur.