Health and Health Care in Canada

Neena L. Chappell, PhD, FRSC, Canada Research Chair in Social Gerontology, Professor of Sociology and Centre on Aging, University of Victoria. She was founding Director of the Centre on Aging at the University of Manitoba (1982-1992) and first Director of the Centre on Aging at the University of Victoria (1992-2002), developing both into world-class research facilities while ensuring accessibility to the community. For over 25 years, she has been a leader ingerontological research, focusing on three areas: quality of life for seniors, caregiving, and the health care system and related policy. Her research can be characterized as partnerships with otherresearchers in the social sciences and with non-researchers in government and community agencies. Margaret Penning is an Associate Professor at the University of Victoria. Her research focuses on the social determinants of health and health care with a particular focus on factors that influence chronic illness, disability and long-term community-based care. I am also interested in the impact of health care reforms and restructuring processes on older adults and other vulnerable populations.

• 1. Health and Health Care: Sociological History and PerspectivesLearning ObjectivesA Sociological PerspectiveA Brief History of Sociological Thinking about Health and Health CareTheoretical Approaches to Health and Health Carei. Social Structural Perspectivesii. Social Psychological Perspectivesiii. Contemporary Theorizing Social Inequalities in Health and Health Care Conclusion Questions For Critical Thought Suggestions For Further Reading 2. Health and IllnessLearning ObjectivesDefinitions of Health and IllnessSociology and Social Construction of Health and IllnessSocial Factors in Health and IllnessGlobal DisparitiesMatters of Place - Regional DisparitiesSocial Class and Socioeconomic DisparitiesRace, Ethnic and Immigrant InequalitiesGender InequalitiesAge InequalitiesMultiple Jeopardy and IntersectionalityExperiencing Health and Illness - Opportunities for AgencyHealth and Illness over the Life CourseConclusion Questions For Critical ThoughtSuggestions For Further Reading 3. Self and Informal CareLearning ObjectivesIntroductionSelf Care When HealthyThe Individual and Self CareStructural Determinants of Self CareSocial Interactioni. Structured InteractionThe Lived Experience of Self Care When IllStructural Influences on Self Care When IllCaregivingThe Experience of CaregivingMacro Societal Forcesi. Ethnic Minority CultureConclusionsQuestions For Critical ThoughtSuggestions For Further Reading 4. Formal CareLearning ObjectivesIntroduction Health Professionsi. The Medical Profession and Provision of Medical Careii. Nursing Careiii. Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM)Health Care Settingsi. Hospitalsii. Long Term Residential Careiii. Home Careiv: Other Forms of Community-Based CareExperiencing Formal Carei. Medical and Hospital Careii. Complementary and Alternative Medicineiii. Long-Term Care: Institutional and Home ConclusionsQuestions For Critical ThoughtSuggestions For Further Reading5. Health Care PolicyLearning Objectives Health Care as Social Policy Some Background on Canada's Health Care SystemHealth Care ReformA Lack of ProgressGlobalization and CapitalismOther Vested Interests - The Pharmaceutical IndustryConsequences for Individuals Allowing for Agencyi. Social Captialii. Healthy CommunitiesConclusionsQuestions For Critical ThoughtSuggestions For Further Reading Conclusions: The Sociology of Health and Care in the FutureLearning Objectives To SummarizeRevisiting Health and IllnessChanging Self CareRelying on OthersHealth Care Services in the FutureHealth Care Policy - Is There an Alternative?Sociological AdvancesQuestions For Critical ThoughtSuggestions For Further ReadingReferencesIndex