Extreme and Rare Sports: Performance Demands, Drivers, Functional Foods, and Nutrition

Sourya Datta is part of the Strategic Deals team at Apple where he is responsible for managing the procurement of a number of components for Apple. He is an avid sports fan and has completed a number of marathons and Spartan races since 2007. He has been swimming since he was seven years old and has participated in and won numerous state level competitions. He has also taken active part in mountaineering and trekking since he was in elementary school. He has participated in various marathons in California and has been intricately associated with nutrition and functional food requirements for sports performance. Debasis Bagchi, PhD, MACN, CNS, MAIChE, received his PhD in Medicinal Chemistry in 1982. He is the director of scientific affairs at Victory Nutrition International, Inc., Lederach, Pennsylvania; a professor in the Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences at the University of Houston College of Pharmacy, Houston, Texas, and, an adjunct faculty member in Texas Southern University, Houston, Texas.

• ContentsPreface …………………………………………………………………………………….xiEditors …………………………………………………………………………………….xvContributors …………………………………………………………..……………….xviiSection I Introduction to Extreme SportsChapter 1 Extreme Endurance Sports – Why Not Just Sports? ..…………….3David TownesSection II Extreme Sports: Swimming,Contact, and Combat Sports andFactors Affecting Extreme SportsChapter 2 Open-Water Swimming ……………………………………………………..…. 11Paola Zamparo, Roberto Baldassarre, Marco Bonifazi, andMaria Francesca PiacentiniChapter 3 Contact and Combat Sports: Sports Nutrition Benefits …………..……. 35Jonathan MikeChapter 4 An Overview on the Nutritional Requirements for AthletesEngaged in Extreme Endurance Events ……………………………………..…………….49Chad KerksickSection III Overview of Food andNutritional Requirementsfor Diverse Extreme SportsChapter 5 Functional Foods: Role in Endurance Sports …………………………………. 73Kamesh Venkatakrishnan and Chin-Kun WangChapter 6 Prosthetics and Limb Health in Extreme Sports ……………………………. 115Sashwati Roy, Shomita S. Mathew-Steiner, and Chandan K. SenChapter 7 Nutritional Requirements in Extreme Sports ………………………………..127Matthew Butawan, Jade L. Caldwell, and Richard J. BloomerChapter 8 Dietary Supplements for Use in Extreme Sports ………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 143Nicholas J.G. Smith, Matthew Butawan, and Richard J. BloomerChapter 9 Intake of Selected Nutrients and Some Morphological andBiochemical Blood Parameters of Professional Athletes ………………………………. 177Estera Nowacka-Polaczyk, Teresa Leszczyńska, Aneta Kopeć,and Jerzy ZawistowskiChapter 10 Testosterone in Sport: The Androgen Response to ExtremeEndurance Exercise ……………………………………………………………………………… 193Jake Shelley, Christopher Howe, Hannah Jayne Moir, andAndrea PetrócziChapter 11 Physical Performance and Antioxidants ……………………………………. 205Wataru Aoi and Yuji NaitoSection IV Olympic Sports and Evolutionof Current Extreme SportsChapter 12 Greek Olympic Sports: The Beginning of ModernExtreme Sports ………………………………………………………………………………………. 219Sourya Datta and Debasis BagchiChapter 13 An Overview of Extreme Sports ……………………………………………….…. 237Sourya Datta and Debasis BagchiChapter 14 An Overview of Challenging Mountain and High Altitude Sports …………. 259Sourya Datta and Debasis BagchiChapter 15 Structurally Diverse Water Sports in Extreme Conditions …………………….277Sourya Datta and Debasis BagchiSection V Importance of Hydrationand Use of GelatinChapter 16 An Overview on the Beneficial Effects of Hydration …………………………….297Douglas S. KalmanChapter 17 Versatile Use of Gelatin in Functional Food and Nutraceuticals………………..... 311Douglas S. KalmanSection VI Impact of Eccentric Exerciseon Muscle and Adaptionof Body and MusclesChapter 18 Skeletal Muscle Damage and Recovery from EccentricContractions......................................................................................................... 321Eisuke Ochi and Yosuke TsuchiyaSection VII Growth, Marketing Techniques,and Future of Extreme SportsChapter 19 Extreme Sports: Growth Prospect, Marketing Potential, andOpportunities: A Commentary........................................................................... 341Sourya Datta and Debasis BagchiIndex ……………………………………………………………………………………………. 353

'This edited volume presents the diverse needs of extreme sports athletes in regard to motivation, nutrition, and functional requirements. Defining extreme sports as those sports that push an athlete's limits both physically and mentally (as, for example, in an Ironman event) or that are "unusual and dangerous" by nature (for example, parkour or paragliding), the editors argue that the variability of extreme sports demands that specialized attention be devoted to ensuring that such athletes can meet the specific demands of their particular sport. The book's 19 chapters convey unusual contrastive portraits: for example the needs of an athlete competing in an open-water endurance swim differ from those of one competing in a high-altitude mountain biking race. Discussion covers training and nutritional techniques, including use of so-called nutraceutical supplements, affecting an athlete's pre-competition, mid-event, and post-competition experience. One chapter addresses the specific role of hydration in varying circumstances. Other chapters explore muscle development and recovery during extreme sport engagement, including recovery from "eccentric contractions." This text is novel in providing information that is rarely encountered in resources dedicated to traditional sports. Its unique focus may enable further discovery of existing gaps in the literature.'--C. Hauff, University of South Alabama, in Choice Connect, vol 57Summing Up: Recommended. Graduate students through faculty and professionals.**Description**This book explains what extreme sports are, their nutritional and energyrequirements, their evolution and history, and the growth, market, and futureof these sports. **Purpose**The purpose is to foster a greater understanding of the types of extreme sportsand the unique nutritional, physical, and mental demands of each. The bookbreaks down the different types of sports into land, water, and high-altitudeand discusses both traditional and nontraditional extreme sports. Withincreasing participation in these sports all around the world, this book is amuch-needed resource for the unique needs of these athletes. **Audience**It is intended for sports practitioners, health professionals, sportsenthusiasts, and sports nutritionists, along with food experts and researchers.It is most suitable for those looking to gain a greater understanding ofextreme sports and how to improve performance, prevent injury, and improvetraining practices for these athletes. **Features**This book covers topics related to the specific requirements needed by athleteswho perform extreme sports. The authors do a thorough job of breaking down thesports into different categories and expanding on the demands, both mental andphysical, that are unique to each of them. Factors such as extremetemperatures, altitude, and excessive energy demands during these events areaddressed and research-driven information on nutraceutical supplements andfunctional foods are discussed. Since these factors create an added challengefor athletes and the practitioners who work with them, they must be understoodin order to develop better training programs and ultimately improve performancein the sport. The book also reviews ergogenic and nutritional aids and theirvalue in each sport. **Assessment**This is an interesting and comprehensive look into the world of extreme sports.With the rapid growth of adventure racing, ultramarathons, and the lesstraditional diverse sports (bouldering, caving, hang gliding, etc.), moreresearch is needed to further understand the specific needs of these athletes.This book does a great job of breaking down the book into seven detailedsections. Most notable for readers probably is the physical requirements ofeach sport and the importance of nutraceuticals and functional foods for theseathletes to improve performance and prevent injury. A unique feature is thechapter discussing the use of prosthetics and limb health in extreme sports andhow technology, with improved fit and material, enables these athletes toparticipate with fewer limitations. Overall, this book is comprehensive andwell organized. -- Melissa Mellady, MS(Northwestern Medicine Executive Health)