ExpertDDx: Musculoskeletal

Kirkland Davis, MD, FACR is Director of Radiography and Director of Teleradiology at UVA Health in Charlottesville, Virginia. Davis has a special interest in interventional musculoskeletal procedures, such as vertebroplasty, radiofrequency ablation, cryoablation, and spine injections. He carries expertise in extremity and spine hardware and sports medicine imaging, particularly the hip and knee. Davis is a co-lead author from the 3e of Diagnostic Imaging: Musculoskeletal Trauma. Donna G. Blankenbaker, MD, is Professor of Radiology, the medical director of outpatient radiology, and co-director of medical student radiology education at University of Wisconsin (UW). She serves on five UW Hospital and Clinics and Department of Radiology committees and six national committees. Blankenbaker is a co-lead author from the 3e of Diagnostic Imaging: Musculoskeletal Trauma.

• ANATOMY BASEDFlat Bones Flat Bones, Focally Expanded or Bubbly LesionFlat Bones, Permeative LesionLong Bone, Epiphyseal Long Bone, Epiphyseal: Irregular or StippledLong Bone, Epiphyseal, Overgrowth/BallooningLong Bone, Epiphysis, Sclerosis/IvoryLong Bone, Epiphyseal/Apophyseal/Subchondral Lytic LesionLong Bone, MetaphysealLong Bone, Metaphyseal Bands & LinesLong Bone, Metaphyseal CuppingLong Bone, Metaphyseal FrayingLong Bone, Central Metaphyseal Lesion, NonaggressiveLong Bone, Central Metaphyseal Lesion, AggressiveLong Bone, Metaphyseal Lesion, BubblyLong Bone, Eccentric Metaphyseal Lesion, NonaggressiveLong Bone, Eccentric Metaphyseal Lesion, AggressiveLong Bone, Cortically Based Metaphyseal LesionLong Bone, Surface (Juxtacortical) LesionLong Bone, MetadiaphysealLong Bone, Central Diaphyseal Lesion, NonaggressiveLong Bone, Diaphyseal Lesion, Aggressive: AdultLong Bone, Diaphyseal Lesion, Aggressive: ChildLong Bone, Aggressive Diaphyseal Lesion With Endosteal ThickeningLong Bone, Cortically Based Diaphyseal Lesion, ScleroticLong Bone, Cortically Based Diaphyseal Lesion, LyticLong Bone, Diffuse Cortical/Endosteal ThickeningTibial Metadiaphyseal Cortically Based LesionLong Bone, UndertubulationLong Bone, OvertubulationLone Bone, Growth Plate Growth Plate, Premature Physeal ClosureGrowth Plate, Widened PhysisPeriosteum Periosteum: Aggressive PeriostitisPeriosteum: Solid PeriostitisPeriosteum: Bizarre Horizontal Periosteal ReactionPeriosteum: Periostitis Multiple Bones/Acropachy, AdultPeriosteum: Periostitis Multiple Bones, Child"Joint Based Arthritis With Normal Bone DensityArthritis With OsteopeniaArthritis With Productive ChangesErosive ArthritisMixed Erosive/Productive ArthritisArthritis With Large Subchondral CystsAtrophic Joint DestructionArthritis MutilansNeuropathic OsteoarthropathyArthritis With Preserved Cartilage SpaceWidened Joint SpaceAnkylosisCalcified Intraarticular Body/BodiesChondrocalcinosisPeriarticular CalcificationMCP-Predominant ArthritisIP-Predominant ArthritisMonoarthritisIntraarticular MassArthroplasty With Lytic/Cystic LesionsShoulder Girdle and Upper Arm Clavicle Lesions, NonarticularDistal Clavicular ResorptionProximal Humerus, Erosion Medial MetaphysisGlenohumeral MalalignmentAnterosuperior Labral Variations/PathologyFluid Collections About the ShoulderElbow and Forearm Radial Dysplasias/AplasiaForearm DeformityWrist and Hand Carpal Cystic/Lytic LesionsAbnormal Radiocarpal AngleFingers and Toes ArachnodactylySoft Tissue Mass in FingerAcro-osteolysisAcro-osteosclerosisPhalangeal Cystic/Lytic LesionsSesamoiditisShort Metacarpal/MetatarsalUlnar Deviation (MCP Joints)Swelling & Periostitis of Digit (Dactylitis)Intevertebral Disc Lesions Crossing Disc SpaceDiscal MineralizationParaspinal Abnormalities Ossification/Calcification Anterior to C1Paravertebral Ossification and CalcificationLinear Ossification Along Anterior SpineVertebral Shape Bullet-Shaped Vertebra/Anterior Vertebral Body BeakingCongenital & Acquired Childhood PlatyspondylyFish (Biconcave) or H-Shaped VertebraSquaring of One or More VertebraVertebral Lesions Vertebral Body SclerosisSpinal OsteophytesLesions Originating in Vertebral BodyLesions Originating in Posterior ElementsRibs Rib Notching, InferiorRib Notching, SuperiorSolitary Rib LesionPelvis Sacroiliitis, Bilateral SymmetricSacroiliitis, Bilateral AsymmetricSacroiliitis, UnilateralSymphysis Pubis With Productive Changes/FusionSymphysis Pubis, WideningSupraacetabular Iliac DestructionHip and Thigh Protrusio AcetabuliCoxa Magna DeformityHip Labral Tears, EtiologyKnee and Lower Leg Enlargement of Intercondylar Notch Distal FemurPatellar Lytic LesionsTibial BowingFluid Collections About the KneePopliteal Mass, ExtraarticularAlterations in Meniscal SizeGenu Valgum (Knock Knees)Genu Varum (Bow Leg Deformity)Foot and Ankle Achilles Tendon Thickening/EnlargementCalcaneal Erosions, Posterior TubercleRetrocalcaneal BursitisSoft Tissue Mass in FootTalar BeakTarsal Cystic/Lytic LesionsIMAGE BASED Radiograph/CT, Osseous Polyostotic Lesions, AdultPolyostotic Lesions, ChildSolitary Geographic Lytic LesionsSclerotic Bone Lesion, SolitarySclerotic Bone Lesions, MultipleSclerotic Lesion With Central LucencySequestrationTarget Lesions of BoneMatrix-Containing Bone LesionsBenign Osseous Lesions That can Appear AggressiveMetastases to BoneGeneralized Increased Bone Density, AdultGeneralized Increased Bone Density, ChildSclerosing DysplasiasHypertrophic Callus FormationBone within Bone AppearanceOsteopeniaOsteoporosis, GeneralizedRegional OsteoporosisCortical TunnelingPseudoarthrosisEnthesopathyTendon & Ligamentous OssificationBone Age, AdvancedBone Age, DelayedRadiograph/CT, Soft TissueSoft Tissue OssificationNodular CalcificationLinear and Curvilinear CalcificationSoft Tissue Neoplasm Containing CalcificationMR, OsseousBone Marrow Edema Syndromes (Proximal Femur)Subchondral Edema-Like SignalAbnormal Epiphyseal Marrow SignalIncreased Marrow FatMarrow HyperplasiaBone Lesions With Fluid/Fluid LevelsMR, Soft Tissue Lesion With Bright T1 SignalSoft Tissue Lesion With Predominately Low T1 & T2 SignalSoft Tissue Lesion With Fluid/Fluid LevelsTarget Lesion of Soft TissuesCystic MassSubcutaneous MassEnlarged MuscleMuscle AtrophyIntermuscular EdemaTenosynovitis/Tenosynovial FluidEnlarged Peripheral NervesMR, Joint Intraarticular Low Signal Material, All SequencesUltrasound Anechoic MassHypoechoic MassNuclear Medicine Photopenic Lesions & False-Negative ScansSoft Tissue Uptake on Bone ScanSuperscanCLINICALLY BASED Shoulder and Upper Arm Painful or Enlarged Sternoclavicular JointRotator Cuff SymptomsShoulder InstabilityAnteroinferior Labral/Capsule InjuryNerve Entrapment, ShoulderElbow and Forearm Elbow Deformities in Children and Young AdultsLateral Elbow PainMedial Elbow PainOlecranon BursitisNerve Entrapment, Elbow & WristWrist and Hand Wrist Clicking/Clunking/InstabilityUlnar-Sided Wrist PainRadial-Sided Wrist PainPelvis, Hip, and Thigh Groin/Hip PainLateral Hip PainSnapping HipHip ImpingementThigh PainNerve Entrapment, Lower ExtremityHip Pain, Elderly PatientPainful Hip ReplacementKnee and Leg Anterior Knee PainMedial Knee PainCalf PainPainful Knee ReplacementAnkle and Foot Anterior Ankle Pain/ImpingementMedial Ankle PainLateral Ankle PainHeel PainPain in the Ball of the FootPes Planovalgus (Flatfoot)Cavus Foot DeformityCongenital Foot DeformityDiabetic Foot ComplicationsSpine Painful ScoliosisSystemic Disease Arthritis in TeenagerAnemia With Musculoskeletal ManifestationsOsteonecrosisHeterotopic OssificationRickets & OsteomalaciaSoft Tissue ContracturesShort Limb, UnilateralHemihypertrophyFocal Gigantism/MacrodactylyDwarfism With Major Spine InvolvementDwarfism With Short ExtremitiesDwarfism With Short RibsDwarfism With Horizontal Acetabular Roof