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This volume examines the complex and often paradoxical relationship between technologies and activism in authoritarian contexts. While technologies offer activists new tools for empowerment, networking and self-representation, they are equally susceptible to co-optation by political and corporate interests, resulting in heightened surveillance, censorship and threats to democratic processes. Moving beyond a narrow focus on digital tools, the book adopts a broad and inclusive definition of technologies to explore their diverse roles in shaping activism. Contributors investigate both the empowering and constraining effects of technologies across a range of authoritarian regimes, providing in-depth insights into the ways activists navigate and contest restrictive environments in authoritarian contexts and beyond. By bringing together interdisciplinary perspectives, the volume offers a comprehensive analysis of the opportunities and challenges facing activism today, enriching our understanding of the evolving interplay between technology, power and democratic aspirations in different contexts.
Zahid Shahab Ahmed is Associate Professor at National Defence College of the United Arab Emirates, Abu Dhabi. Shahram Akbarzadeh, PhD, is Director of Middle East Studies Forum and Professor and Deputy Director (International) of the Alfred Deakin Institute for Citizenship and Globalisation, Deakin University, Australia. Ihsan Yilmaz is Research Professor of Political Science and International Relations, Deakin University. Australia.
Introduction: The Intersection of Digital Technologies, Authoritarianism, and Online DissentZahid Shahab Ahmed, Shahram Akbarzadeh and Ihsan Yilmaz1. Technological Advancement and Power: The Middle East in the Fourth Industrial RevolutionGovand Khalid Azeez2. Internet in Iran: Battlefront of IdeasAmin Naeni and Shahram Akbarzadeh3. The Impact of China’s Smart Digital Technologies on Uyghur MuslimsMettursun Beydulla4. The Methods and Instruments of Digital Authoritarianism in Turkey and the Role of AKtrolls in Online/Offline IntimidationBulent Kenes and Ihsan Yilmaz5. Authoritarian Approaches to Internet Governance and its Incidence on Transnational Human Rights Advocacy Networks: Myanmar’s Post-coup RealityJulia Ryng and Guillemette Guicherd6. The Rising Digital Authoritarianism in PakistanSaeed Ahmed Rid and Zahid Shahab Ahmed7. Vocalised Resistance to Authoritarianism in Egypt: A Study of PodcastsIhsan Yilmaz and Nadeen Madkour8. Blockchain Technology in MENA: Impacts on Authoritarianism and Civil ActivismAnas Iqtait9. Digital Platforms, Youth Activism, and Illiberal and Authoritarian Governance: The Case of Nigerian EndSARS MovementNajimdeen Bakare10. Political Activism 2.0: How are Bangladeshi exiled activists working against authoritarianism?Saimum Parvez11. Epistemic Contestations and Use/Misuse of OSINT in IndiaFeeza Vasudeva-Barkdull12. Hacker Activism in Indonesia’s Contemporary DemocracyAbdullah Faqih and Fahmi Rizki FahrojiConclusion: Navigating Digital Authoritarianism, Resistance, and UncertaintiesIhsan Yilmaz, Shahram Akbarzadeh and Zahid Shahab Ahmed