Maureen S. Hiebert is Associate Professor in the Department of Political Science and Senior Research Fellow in the Centre for Military, Security and Strategic Studies at the University of Calgary, Canada.

• Chapter 1: The genocidal process: a constructivist approach Introduction Part I: Theorizing the "permissive" socio-political environment of genocide Introduction I. The ‘permissive’ socio-political environment: a theoretical overview II. Three dimensions of the permissive socio-political environment of genocide Chapter 2: Germany I. Exclusionary and unequal patterns of group interaction II. Exclusionary conceptions of the community III. Authoritarian modes of conflict management Chapter 3: Cambodia I. Exclusionary and unequal patterns of group interaction II. Exclusionary conceptions of the community III. Authoritarian modes of conflict management Conclusion to Part I Part II: Introduction crises and interpretation: the catalyst for killing Introduction Chapter 4: Inter-war Germany: crises and interpretation I. Security crises II. Economic crises III. Political crises Chapter 5: Cambodia: the Sihanoukist and Lon Nol years: crises and interpretation I. Economic crises II. Political crises III. Military and security crises Conclusion to Part II Part III: Reconceptualizing the victim group: the "three switches" of genocide Introduction I. Genocide as a strategic or rational choice? II. Constructing victims: a constructivist explanation III. The "three switches" III. Warrants for genocide Chapter 6: Nazi final solution I. Switch one: victims as foreigners II. Switch two: victims as mortal threats III. Switch three: victims as sub-humans Chapter 7: The Khmer Rouge killing fields I. Switch one: victims as foreigners II. Switch two: victims as mortal threat III. Switch three:victims as sub-humans Chapter 8: Vietnam: abuses without genocide I. Switch one: victims as wayward opponents II. Switch two: the threat of actors with real power Conclusion to Part III

Maureen S. Hiebert is Associate Professor in the Department of Political Science and Senior Research Fellow in the Centre for Military, Security and Strategic Studies at the University of Calgary, Canada.

• Chapter 1: The genocidal process: a constructivist approach Introduction Part I: Theorizing the "permissive" socio-political environment of genocide Introduction I. The ‘permissive’ socio-political environment: a theoretical overview II. Three dimensions of the permissive socio-political environment of genocide Chapter 2: Germany I. Exclusionary and unequal patterns of group interaction II. Exclusionary conceptions of the community III. Authoritarian modes of conflict management Chapter 3: Cambodia I. Exclusionary and unequal patterns of group interaction II. Exclusionary conceptions of the community III. Authoritarian modes of conflict management Conclusion to Part I Part II: Introduction crises and interpretation: the catalyst for killing Introduction Chapter 4: Inter-war Germany: crises and interpretation I. Security crises II. Economic crises III. Political crises Chapter 5: Cambodia: the Sihanoukist and Lon Nol years: crises and interpretation I. Economic crises II. Political crises III. Military and security crises Conclusion to Part II Part III: Reconceptualizing the victim group: the "three switches" of genocide Introduction I. Genocide as a strategic or rational choice? II. Constructing victims: a constructivist explanation III. The "three switches" III. Warrants for genocide Chapter 6: Nazi final solution I. Switch one: victims as foreigners II. Switch two: victims as mortal threats III. Switch three: victims as sub-humans Chapter 7: The Khmer Rouge killing fields I. Switch one: victims as foreigners II. Switch two: victims as mortal threat III. Switch three:victims as sub-humans Chapter 8: Vietnam: abuses without genocide I. Switch one: victims as wayward opponents II. Switch two: the threat of actors with real power Conclusion to Part III

Maureen S. Hiebert is Associate Professor in the Department of Political Science and Senior Research Fellow in the Centre for Military, Security and Strategic Studies at the University of Calgary, Canada.

• Chapter 1: The genocidal process: a constructivist approach Introduction Part I: Theorizing the "permissive" socio-political environment of genocide Introduction I. The ‘permissive’ socio-political environment: a theoretical overview II. Three dimensions of the permissive socio-political environment of genocide Chapter 2: Germany I. Exclusionary and unequal patterns of group interaction II. Exclusionary conceptions of the community III. Authoritarian modes of conflict management Chapter 3: Cambodia I. Exclusionary and unequal patterns of group interaction II. Exclusionary conceptions of the community III. Authoritarian modes of conflict management Conclusion to Part I Part II: Introduction crises and interpretation: the catalyst for killing Introduction Chapter 4: Inter-war Germany: crises and interpretation I. Security crises II. Economic crises III. Political crises Chapter 5: Cambodia: the Sihanoukist and Lon Nol years: crises and interpretation I. Economic crises II. Political crises III. Military and security crises Conclusion to Part II Part III: Reconceptualizing the victim group: the "three switches" of genocide Introduction I. Genocide as a strategic or rational choice? II. Constructing victims: a constructivist explanation III. The "three switches" III. Warrants for genocide Chapter 6: Nazi final solution I. Switch one: victims as foreigners II. Switch two: victims as mortal threats III. Switch three: victims as sub-humans Chapter 7: The Khmer Rouge killing fields I. Switch one: victims as foreigners II. Switch two: victims as mortal threat III. Switch three:victims as sub-humans Chapter 8: Vietnam: abuses without genocide I. Switch one: victims as wayward opponents II. Switch two: the threat of actors with real power Conclusion to Part III