Bone Biomarkers in Periodontal Disease

Biomarkers have been classified by Perera and Weinstein based on the sequence of events from exposure to disease. Though biomarkers readily lend themselves to epidemiological investigations, they are also useful in the investigation of the natural history and prognosis of a disease. Biomarkers can also provide insight into disease progression, prognosis, and response to therapy. There are two major types of biomarkers: biomarkers of exposure, which are used in risk prediction, and biomarkers of disease, which are used in screening and diagnosis and monitoring of disease progression. Biomarkers have had a wide variety of applications in the field of medicine like molecular biomarkers, tumor biomarkers, biomarkers in oncology, genetic screening, genetic diagnosis, diagnosis of tuberculosis, pathology diagnosis, virus diagnosis, molecular diagnosis of genetic diseases etc.....