Aleppo

Ross Burns worked in the Australian Department of Foreign Affairs for 37 years until his retirement in 2003, with roles including Ambassador to Syria and Lebanon (based in Damascus) from 1984 to 1987, as Minister in Paris (and Ambassador to UNESCO) and as Ambassador in South Africa (1992–95), Athens (1998–2001) and Tel Aviv (2001–2003). After his retirement, he completed a Ph D at Macquarie University in Sydney on ‘The Origins of the Colonnaded Axes of the Cities of the Near East Under Rome’. He is the author of Damascus (Routledge, 2004) and Monuments of Syria (3rd edition, 2009).

• 1. Setting the Scene - Bronze and Iron Ages2. Greek and Roman Aleppo3. In Antioch's Orbit - Byzantine Aleppo in a World of Churches and Monasteries4. Transition to an Islamic Order - Aleppo on a New Frontier5. A Delicate Balance - Between Turkic and Arab Worlds6. Fortress of Islam - Aleppo and the First Crusade7. Zengid Aleppo8. Saladin and the Ayyubids (1174-1260)9. A Wider World Opens - Aleppo under the Mamluks (1260-1516)10. The First Ottoman Centuries (1516-1750)11. Modernising Aleppo (1750-2000)12. Postscript

"Ross Burns' Aleppo: A History is a tour de force. Don't be deceived by the modest title. This is so much more than the story of one of the Middle East's most interesting and oldest cities, it is a sweeping and erudite history of Syria itself, told by an academic and diplomat of immense learning and wisdom. What is more, the economy, wit and refinement of the prose flatters the senses."- Professor Joshua Landis, Director, Center for Middle East Studies, University of Oklahoma, USA"[This] substantial book displays true scholarship, examining the whole sweep of Aleppo's history from 3,600 BC to the present day. Along the way are masterly analyses of the transition to Islam with its ingenious waqf system of religious endowments, the delicate balance between the Turks and the Arabs, the vagaries of the French Mandate, and finally the rocky history from independence up to the present. Each chapter is thoroughly supported with detailed maps and photos."- Diana Darke, The Times Literary Supplement (read the full review here: http://www.the-tls.co.uk/articles/public/spirit-of-the-place/)"It is incredible to think that there has never been a one volume history of Aleppo before. Burns’ Aleppo will join its companion, Damascus: A History, as an excellent introduction to the subject for students, anyone interested in the history of this fascinating city and, it is much to be hoped, will one day become a guide for future visitors."- Professor Emma Loosley, University of Exeter, UK"Few people have done more to promote and preserve an understanding of extraordinary heritage of Syria than Ross Burns. This authoritative work on the history of Aleppo, one of the world’s oldest cities, stands proudly alongside his Monuments of Syria and history of Damascus, detailing the unique treasures that survive but many that have been lost forever."- Chris Doyle, Director, Caabu (Council for Arab-British Understanding), UK"... [an] excellent summary of Aleppo's long history"- Rory Stewart, London Review of Books 2017"Ross Burns is excellent in placing the role of the city in the wider regional context – how, for example, it was a staging post for Ottoman armies setting out to invade Safavid Iran in the 16th and 17th centuries ... Visitors and residents have in this book an excellent guide to reappraise and appreciate the city’s unique heritage."- Peter Clark, Journal of Asian Affairs 2018