This thought-provoking set of essays by 35 African academics, all but four from Nigeria, offers a variety of responses to what they view as “the new scramble for Africa” by outside powers for its vast natural resources. While critical of the economic theories and practices of their former European colonizers, the editors also point out that “[r]unning to China does not ... solve Africa’s problem.” The continent accounts for less than 3 percent of world trade; outside powers constrain efforts toward regional integration, i.e., expanding trade within Africa, to 15 percent. The neo-functional theory designed to explain European integration does not work in Africa, where many of its 54 countries lack sufficient internal integration to engage. Subnational conflicts even prevent efforts to manufacture rather than export their raw materials. Still, some of the authors point to the African Continental Free Trade Agreement, signed in Kigali in 2018, as a potential game changer, gradually integrating them into a sovereign Africa, replete with a single African stock market. Amid a deepening debt crisis in most African states, the authors critically assess international financial flows. Recommended. Advanced undergraduates through faculty.