Adaptive, Adaptable, and Mixed-Initiative in Interactive Systems

This book investigates the use of static, adaptive, adaptable and mixed-initiative approaches to the personalisation of web content and graphical user interfaces (GUIs). This empirical study consisted of three experimental phases. The first examined the use of static, adaptive, adaptable and mixed- initiative approaches to web content. More specifically, it measured the usability (efficiency, frequency of error occurrence, effectiveness and satisfaction) of an e- commerce website. The second experiment examined the use of adaptive, adaptable and mixed-initiative approaches to GUIs. More specifically, it measured the usability (efficiency, frequency of error occurrence, effectiveness and satisfaction) in GUI control structures (menus). In addition, it investigated empirically the effects of content size on five different personalised menu types. The aim of the third experiment was to mitigate the drawbacks of the adaptive, adaptable and mixed-initiative approaches, to improve their performance and to increase their usability by using multimodal auditory solutions (speech, earcons and auditory icons).